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Background: The most prevalent metabolic condi?on, type 2 diabetes mellitus, is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia caused by abnormali?es in insulin produc?on, insulin ac?on, or both. Iron, a transi?onal metal, has been demonstrated to play a key role in the pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, with a bidirec?onal link in which iron influences glucose metabolism, which in turn influences the iron metabolic pathways. The current study aimed to es?mate the iron profile in Type 2 diabetes mellitus cases. Methods: This cross-sec?onal study was done in the Department of Biochemistry, Prathima Ins?tute of Medical Sciences, Naganoor, Karimnagar. A total of n=100 cases of type II diabetes mellitus were included in the study and age and sex-matched healthy controls were also included in the study. Laboratory inves?ga?ons included Fas?ng Blood glucose, Serum ferri?n, Total iron-binding capacity, serum iron, and serum transferrin satura?on. Results: The fas?ng blood glucose was found to be significantly higher in the diabetes mellitus cases. The serum ferri?n mean values were 105.32 µgm/dl. In the controls, the range of ferri?n levels was 145 µgm/dl. The serum ferri?n levels were found to be significantly reduced in the study cases as compared to the controls. Similarly, the total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) of the cases was found to be significantly increased as compared to the controls. The serum transferrin levels were also found to be elevated in the study cases as compared to the controls. Conclusion: Iron is closely related to the development of diabetes mellitus. Elevated iron and ferri?n levels are risk factors for diabetes and can lead to a variety of problems. Conversely in chronic diabe?cs, there is a tendency to develop iron deficiency anemia and other nutri?onal deficiency anemias as observed by the results of the current study. As a result, iron profile evalua?on can be a valuable output of the expected inves?ga?ons on diabetes and related problems.
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The use of plants in disease treatment is cost effective and relatively safe. This study was designed to investigate anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus alone and in combination therapy in hyperlipidemic & diabetic mice. Eight groups comprising five mice each were used. Group A was hyperlipidemic control, group B, C, D received atorvastatin (20 mg/kg), leaf extract (200 mg/kg) and leaf extract in combination with atorvastatin (200 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) orally for 15 days. Group E was diabetic control. Group F, G, H received sitagliptin (40 mg/kg), leaf extract (200 mg/kg) and extract in combination with sitagliptin (200 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg) orally for 7 days. Blood cholesterol levels were measured at 1st, 5th, 10th and 15th day and fasting blood sugar levels were measured at 2, 12, 24, 72 and 168 hours during treatment. One-way ANOVA with tukey- kramer multiple comparison test was used. The chemical characterization of ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus leaves showed presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. Ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus has significant anti-hyperlipidemic & anti-diabetic effects (p<0.05, p<0.01) when compared with control but had not cause significantly increase in anti-hyperlipidemic effects of atorvastatin. While significantly increased the antidiabetic effect of sitagliptin (p<0.05)
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Plant Leaves/classification , Catharanthus/adverse effects , Hypoglycemic Agents , Blood Glucose , Cholesterol/blood , Disease/classification , Alkaloids/blood , Hyperlipidemias/bloodABSTRACT
Background: Antenatal glucocorticoid therapy (ACT) can be life-saving in preterm babies and risk of PTL is increasing in. The prevalence of GDM also increasing. Virtually, all women will experience deterioration in their glycaemic control following ACT. The NICE guideline recommends additional insulin and the national Indian guidelines recommend a 20% increase. Objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in maternal serum glucose following corticosteroids in antenatal women.Methods: Prospective controlled trial of 206 patients, divided into 2 groups. Group 1:105 patients with no GDM and Group 2: 101 patients with GDM. Ethical committee approved. FBS and PPBS measured for following 5 days of D1. BMI and starting dose of insulin and dose of insulin hike were recorded. FBS >90 mg/dL and PPBS >120 mg/dL were taken as abnormal. Data were analyzed using SPSSV22.Results: There were a total of 206 of which 105 were in group 1(51%) and 101(49%) were in Group 2. FBS >90 mg/dL in over 65% of all women on D2 10 new cases on D3 and PPBS >120 mg/dL in over 66% of all women on D2 and 13 new cases on D3. Insulin was started in a total of 66 patients of 105 (62.9%) in Group 1 and 33 out of 40 (82.5%) in GDM on MNT. Of the 66 patients who started on insulin in Group 1, 17 (16.2%) patients had to continue insulin and out of 33. In MNT subgroup 10 (25%) had to continue. BMI was high in the patients, who was given and continued insulin.Conclusions: The findings support the concept of increasing the dose of insulin even before the hyperglycemia documented. In the Group 1 66 of 105 patients were started on insulin due to hyperglycemia and 17 had to continue insulin 25.7%), and 33 of 40 patients in GDM on MNT were started on insulin and 10 (30.33%) had to continue. We suggest testing all patients for hyperglycemia and to start insulin especially in the those with high BMI (>25 as per the Asian Indian).
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Background: Type 2 Diabetes is becoming more common at younger age group. It is important to screen children and adolescents for prediabetes to prevent long-term complications of diabetes. This study was conducted to study the prevalence of prediabetes in children and its association with risk factorsMethods: It is a Prospective hospital-based study. Children aged 6 to 18 years admitted in the Pediatric ward of tertiary care hospital were included. Study was done over a period of 2 years November 2015-October 2017. Participants were screened to find out the prevalence of prediabetes. Prediabetes was defined as fasting glucose concentration (FBS)of 100-125 mg/dl or a HbA1c value of between 5.7% and 6.4%, or a two-hour post-glucose tolerance concentration (OGTT) of 140-199mg/dl.Results: 607 children participated in the study.56.3% were males. Prevalence of Prediabetes was 20.4% with a combination of OGTT, FBS and HbA1c tests. Prevalence by OGTT was 5.9%, HbA1c 4.1% and by FBS was 17.1%. Higher prevalence of prediabetes was associated with male gender, frequent consumption of junk foods, decreased physical activities, overweight, obesity and high waist to hip ratio. Combination of FBS with GTT and FBS with' HbA1c had better sensitivity and specificity when compared to combination of OGTT with HbA1c .Conclusion: Screening of children for prediabetes at younger age especially those with risk factors and intervention with lifestyle modification may help in delaying the progression of the disease.
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Background: Vitamin D is indispensable for human body as it caters for both skeletal as well as extra-skeletal needs, especially in postmenopausal women. Aim of this study was to know the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among apparent healthy postmenopausal women and to find its association with fasting blood sugar.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study of postmenopausal women attending Gynae OPD of Sri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, over a period of six months. Apparently healthy postmenopausal women were selected after satisfying inclusion-exclusion criteria and were subjected to fasting blood sugar and serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D level. They were categorized as vitamin D deficient, insufficient or sufficient according to corresponding levels of <20ng/ml, 20-30ng/ml or >30ng/ml respectively. Upper reference level for fasting blood sugar was taken as 110mg/dl. Statistical analysis was done to see the association between vitamin D deficiency and fasting blood sugar.Results: Mean age of study group was 56.9 years and the average age of attainment of menopause was 50.3 years. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (57.4%) including insufficiency (13%) among postmenopausal women was high 70.4%, but there was no association between hypovitaminosis D and fasting blood sugar (p=0.949).Conclusions: Despite high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Indian postmenopausal women, there is no correlation between it and fasting blood sugar.
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Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most commonendocrinal diseases in the world. Incidences of this disease areincreasing worldwide and this disease is called disease of thismillennium. This study was undertaken to correlate fastingblood sugar level, Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) leveland serum lipid levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.Material and Methods: This study was a cross sectionalstudy conducted on 100 patients of diabetes mellitus came toM.B Govt. Hospital, Udaipur. The fasting blood sugar (FBS)levels, HbA1C levels and serum lipid levels were performedand then correlated fasting blood sugar level with HbA1Clevels and FBS and HbA1C with serum lipid levels. There wasa significant positive correlation between FBS and HbA1C,and FBS and HbA1C with serum cholesterol and serumtriglycerides level and negative correlation with serum HDLcholesterol levels.Results: This study demonstrated that HbA1C level wasincreased in diabetics and it showed correlation with the statusof control of diabetes.Conclusion: Diabetics have got increased level of serumcholesterol, triglycerides and decreased levels of serumHDL-cholesterol. HbA1C showed stronger correlation withserum cholesterol and triglycerides as compared to FBS.HDL-cholesterol showed stronger correlation with FBS thanHbA1C.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the major causes of mortality & morbidity, and patient’s with better control of glycaemic parameters have lesser chronic complications associated with it. Though monotherapy with metformin is first choice for T2DM but is effective in less than 50% of patient and they should be managed with two drug therapy. Both Glimepiride and Sitagliptin are effective with metformin but there has been no study done in this region hence, we planned to study comparison of effects of glimepiride and sitagliptin with metformin in patient of T2DM.Methods: This prospective, open-label, randomized study was done in all patient diagnosed with T2DM, not adequately managed by metformin alone. The patient was divided into two group G (Glimepiride with Metformin) and Group S (Sitagliptin with Metformin) and had a follow up at 3 and 6 months. The biochemical parameters were assessed at 12 weeks and 24 weeks.Results: The result of this study show that both glimepiride and sitagliptin with metformin significantly (p<0.05) lowered both the fasting blood sugar as well as postprandial blood glucose at 3 and 6 months. Glimepiride was more effective in lowering (p<0.05) the plasma glucose at 3 months but both the drugs had comparable result at 6 months. This study also showed that glycosylated haemoglobin was lowered in both groups at three and six months as compared to Day 0 (p<0.05), with glimepiride having better control of glycosylated haemoglobin at 3 months with both groups having comparable result at 6 months.Conclusions: To conclude, this study compared effects of sitagliptin and glimepiride on glycaemic parameters in patients of T2DM and found that both drugs had comparable results.
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Background: The aim of this study was to determine as well as to compare the salivary glucose levels in the diabetic and non-diabetic population and correlate the values with their fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (glycated Haemoglobin) levels. Many researchers have proposed the possibility of using salivary glucose estimation for screening and monitoring of effect in general population and in resource poor settings. But studies on this subject in Indian population are limited.Methods: The current study was an analytical cross sectional study of a group of 100 diabetic patients and 100 healthy controls, conducted in the Department of General Medicine, SRM medical college hospital. The mean difference in the salivary glucose between diabetic and non-diabetic population was compared using unpaired t-test.Results: There was a strong positive association between FBS (fasting blood sugar) and salivary glucose in the overall population. There was a strong positive correlation between FBS and Salivary glucose in FBS <200. There was a moderate positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value between 200 to 300 mg/dl. There was a weak positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value >300 mg/dl, which was statistically not significant. There was a strong positive correlation between HbA1c and salivary glucose in the overall population.Conclusions: There appears to be a strong positive association between fasting blood sugar and salivary glucose value in both study groups. But the correlation seems to be relatively weak in fasting blood sugar range above 300 mg/dl. Considering this positive association, further studies are needed to explore the possibility of utilizing salivary glucose for monitoring glycemic control.
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Background: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome that leads to hyperglycemia and complications in many organ systems. There are many ways to control hyperglycemia including diet, exercise, drugs, and insulin. Aim of the study: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of diaphragmatic breathing exercises on blood sugar levels and to identify the effects of regular diaphragmatic breathing exercise on HbA1c. Subjects and Methods: The study design used was a randomized controlled trial. Random sampling technique was used. Data was collected from working female nurses of Services Hospital Lahore and Jinnah Hospital Lahore who had type-2 diabetes mellitus. By using Ballot method 64 subjects were selected and equally divided into 2 groups randomly (32 subjects were in an interventional group and 32 in the control group). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Mean difference was measured by using independent sample t-test and paired t-test to see the pre and post effects of the same group. Results were summarized as mean and standard deviation. Results: The study results indicated that there was a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar level (p=0.009), post prandial blood sugar level (p=0.002) and post interventional blood sugar level (p=0.000) in the 9th week of the activity (breathing exercise). Pre and post the interventional mean difference in fasting blood sugar level was highly significant in the 12th week of intervention (p=0.000). No significant difference was found in the results of HbA1c (p=0.963). Conclusion: Diaphragmatic breathing exercise has favorable effects in controlling blood sugar levels among diabetes type-2 patients if it is combined with other exercises or therapies. Only breathing component cannot maintain the normal blood sugar level.
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Introducción: La interacción de las enfermedades periodontales serelacionan con el medio ambiente, huésped, factores microbianos ysusceptibilidad genética. En esta patología la interacción de las bacteriasy el sistema inmunológico dan como resultado una producción elevada de mediadores infl amatorios como las interleucinas IL-1, IL-6 y el TNF-α que destruirán el tejido conectivo y óseo. La diabetes por sí misma ya sea tipo 1 o 2 va a tener repercusiones a nivel de los diferentes órganos de la economía como los riñones, sistema nervioso,ojos, sistema circulatorio y de ahí al periodonto. Cuando el paciente nose encuentra en control sistémico, los efectos adversos van aumentandoy se provoca una sinergia entre la alteración glucémica y la afectaciónperiodontal. Se ha descrito la relación del efecto benéfi co del tratamientoperiodontal en el control glucémico en pacientes diabéticos y no diabéticos. Conclusión: El tratamiento periodontal no quirúrgico demostró reducir los valores de los parámetros periodontales así como los valores séricos de glucosa en ayuno y hemoglobina glucosilada y coadyuvar en el control glucémico.
Introduction: The interaction of periodontal disease is related to theenvironment, host, microbial factors and genetic susceptibility. In thiscondition, the interaction of bacteria and the immune system result inincreased production of infl ammatory mediators such as IL-1, IL-6interleukins, and TNF-α that will destroy connective tissue and bone.Diabetes itself either type 1 or 2 will have repercussions at the levelof the diff erent organs of the economy as it is kidneys, nervous system,eyes, circulatory system and hence the periodontium. When the patientis not in controlling systemic adverse eff ects are increased and synergybetween periodontal health and glycemic involvement provoked. It hasbeen reported regarding the benefi cial eff ect of periodontal treatmenton glycemic control in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Conclusion:The non-surgical periodontal treatment was shown to reduce the valuesof periodontal parameters and serum fasting glucose and glycatedhemoglobin and assist in glycemic control.
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Humans , Diabetes Mellitus/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Periodontal Diseases/therapy , Dental Scaling/methods , Glycated Hemoglobin , Glycemic Index , Periodontal Diseases/genetics , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
In humans, one of the major complications of chronic Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is Peripheral Neuropathy. Apparently linked to ischemic Nerve damage, a ravaging puzzle on its pathophysiology, onset prediction, and prognosis is yet to be fully uncovered. Today, what seems to be a major “breakthrough” is the discovery that chronic DM damages signal transduction across Nerve and Muscle tissues, leading to a bad and/or poorly coordinated reflex. The goal of this study was to find in humans, the relationship that binds fasting blood sugar (FBS) with grip muscle strengths and reflex response time. To achieve this, 387 humans were ethically sourced from Ethiope East Local government area of Delta State, Nigeria. Based on their glucometer readings, subjects were then gender-sorted and classified into 3 groups; A (hypoglycaemic), B (normoglycaemic or control), and C (hyperglycaemic). Using the hand-grip dynamometer (HGD) and Meter rule, subjects’ Grip Muscle strengths (GMS) and Reflex Response times (RRT) were respectively obtained and mapped against their corresponding glucometer reading (FBS). Using the Pearson Product moment correlation coefficient, Statistical measure of association (correlation) was conducted on obtained variables, and ANOVA was used to analyse the differences between means of each groups. Though no actual difference(s) was/were found between GMS and RRT, apparently, there was a weak Auditory-FBS relationship in hypoglycaemic females, and a weak GMS-FBS, plus Tactile-FBS correlations in hypoglycaemic males and females respectively.
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Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate glycosylated hemoglobin and electrolyte status in Diabetic ketoacidosis subjects compared with controlled type II diabetes mellitus. Methods: Totally 100 subjects were included in this study(75 known DKA subjects and 25 controlled type II Diabetes Mellitus subjects). 5ml of venous blood samples are collected from subjects, Biochemical parameters performed Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar by Glucose oxidase and peroxidase method, Glycosylated hemoglobin by Ion exchange High performance liquid chromatography, serum electrolytes levels are estimated by Ion selective electrode method. Results: The serum levels of FBS, PPBS, HbA1c levels are high in DKA compared with controlled Type II DM. the serum levels of sodium are significantly decreased in DKA compared with controlled Type II DM. The serum levels of potassium and chloride are high in DKA compared with controlled Type II DM. Conclusion: We concluded that electrolyte imbalance is high in DKA due to hyperglycemic hyper-osmolality and insulin deficiency frequently leads to electrolyte imbalance. HbA1c, FBS, PPBS levels are elevated in DKA due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia.
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Background: An average person is interested in staying healthy and general well-being. The present study was conducted to know the effects of walking on Fasting blood sugar in healthy individuals who changed their lifestyle by motivating them. Aim: The primary objective of present study is to identify the changes in Fasting Blood Sugar in normal subjects before and after walking for 30 minutes. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of Physiology, Siddhartha Medical College, at Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh. A total number of 25 male and female adult healthy individuals were selected. Fasting Blood Sugar levels were compared before and after walking. Results: in this study significant change with p value 0.001 in Fasting Blood Sugar in normal healthy individuals before walking and 30 minutes after walking is observed. Conclusion: our study demonstrated small changes in daily life help to prevent diseases of modern civilization.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important risk factors of coronary artery disease. Admission hyperglycemia adversely influences the outcome of acute coronary syndrome patients. The study was conducted to compare the various diagnostic methods for the detection of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in acute coronary syndrome patients with admission hyperglycaemia in Bangladeshi population. Methods: It was a cross sectional comparative study involving 157 patients with admission blood glucose level e”7.8 mmol/l. Fasting plasma glucose, Glycated haemoglobin, pre-discharge oral glucose tolerance test was measured in all subjects and comparison of performance of different methods was done. Results: Oral glucose tolerance test revealed that in spite of admission hyperglycaemia, 57 (36.3%) patients were diabetic and 52 (33.12%) patients had impaired glucose homeostasis and 48 (30.57%) patients had normal glucose metabolism. Undiagnosed diabetes could not be adequately predicted with admission plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c alone (area under the ROC curve 0.589, 0.825 and 0.852 respectively). Conclusion: Admission hyperglycaemia does not diagnose diabetes reliably in a stressful condition like acute coronary syndrome. Although neither admission plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose, nor HbA1c level were as good as oral glucose tolerance test in detecting true diabetes, but combined fasting plasma glucose & HbA1c were found to be more sensitive & specific screening tool for detecting unknown diabetes in acute coronary syndrome patients with admission hyperglycaemia.
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Aims: This study was undertaken to determine the hypoglycemic efficacy of methanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera and Phyllanthus amarus in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Study Design: Experimental Animal Study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Osun State University, Osogbo Nigeria between September and March, 2013. Methodology: Twenty four rats sorted into 4 groups were used for the study. Rats in control group (group 1) received distilled water while diabetes was induced in groups 2-4 rats by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan. Animals in groups 3 and 4 were treated with 500 mg/kg bw of methanolic leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and whole plant extract of Phyllanthus amarus respectively for 14 days while group 2 rats were left untreated. Serum glucose and total protein concentrations were measured in the rats after treatment. Results: The two extracts reversed the alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic condition in rats as there was a significant reduction in blood glucose levels with Moringa oleifera having a more pronounced effect. Level of serum total protein was also significantly reduced in rats treated with the two extracts. Conclusion: This study is a further scientific validation of the widely claimed use of Moringa oleifera and Phyllanthus amarus as useful ethnomedical treatment for diabetes mellitus.
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Background: Hypothyroidism has become a highly prevalent condition worldwide as well as in India. Females are affected more than men and dyslipidemia has been associated with hypothyroidism. This study was conducted to study the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in hypothyroid patients and to justify the screening of lipid profile in hypothyroid patients. Methods: This was a case control study which included 50 newly diagnosed and untreated hypothyroid patients and 50 healthy individuals in the age group of 20-40years. Free Triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) were estimated by chemiluminiscence immunoassay. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), blood glucose were done in all the subjects by enzymatic colorimetric method. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using Friedwalds formula. Very Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) was calculated from the triglyceride value. Results: Lipid profile alterations were seen in hypothyroid patients. The mean (standard deviation)values of Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), Very Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglycerides (TG), Fasting blood glucose were 183.7 (32.9), 38.12 (7.59), 104.4 (29.42), 31.66 (13.09), 158.44 (65.61), 95.9(9.9) mg/dl respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the difference in the above values between cases and controls was significant and all the mean values except HDL-C were increased in cases. Conclusions: Hypothyroid patients demonstrate significant increase in serum lipids as compared to healthy individuals. More females are diagnosed with hypothyroidism and dyslipidemia is associated with primary hypothyroidism.
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Diabetes Mellitus and HIV remain two major clinical conditions of public health importance especially in developing countries.HIV impairs normal immune response against malignant infections and destroy many organs impairing their functions including the pancrease. Ordinarily, the pancrease performs exocrine functions thus producing insulin from the beta cells of the islets of langerhan aiding in nutrient metabolism.The beta cells of islet can be destroyed by the T-lymphocytes resulting to clinical diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia Diabetes and HIV have been associated with metabolic dearrangement particularly lipodystrophy.It was in this line that we designed a study to monitor fasting insulin resistance indices and metabolic syndrome in120 subjects of age 30-55 years comprises of 50 HIV –Infected,50 Type 2 Diabetes and twenty apparently healthy subjects who served as control attending Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi(NAUTH).The blood samples collected from the subjects were used for evalution of lipid profile Tryceride(TG) ,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein – cholesterol (HDL-C), Fasting blood sugar was measured using routine standard method while fasting insulin was done using indirect ELISA method .The insulin resistance indices were also evaluated. Data were analyzed for the statistical significance using one way ANOVA. The fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride and LDL-C were remarkably higher inType 2 Diabetic subjects compared to control P <0.01. Equally observed in the study was that the fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar and triglyceride were higher in HIV subjects compared to control subjects P <0.01.Though, the HDL-C was quite reduced in HIV –Infected subjects P <0.01. The finding of this study has revealed further lipid and carbohydrate distortion in both diabetic and HIV subjects which might place individuals to high risk of atherosclerosis due to reduced HDL-C if not checked.
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Aim: Cardiovascular disease is on the rise and is expected to be a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Identification of risk in asymptomatic individual in higher risk group could help to plan individual patient’s management. Positive family history is one of the risk factors and screening at this level may help in determining individual therapy. Studies have shown relation of positive family history but are lacking in this part of world, so we considered it worthwhile to assess FRS in asymptomatic sibling of CAD Patients Materials and methods: 75 volunteers were enrolled in the study and they underwent Bruce treadmill exercise protocol after their initial evaluation, these volunteers than also underwent biochemical test – Fasting blood sugar and lipid profile. These volunteers were divided into two groups based upon their Treadmill test results. Results: 31 out of 75 volunteers were TMT positive and they were kept in one group. These volunteers differed significantly (p<0.05) in higher age, fasting blood sugar and Low density lipoprotein level (LDL). This group also had a significantly lower metabolic equivalents and higher Framingham Risk Score. Conclusion: Our study showed that positive family history is associated with a higher Framingham risk score in asymptomatic volunteers.
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The purpose of this study was to collect basic data on the prevention of and education about diabetes mellitus for the nutritional management of a diabetes mellitus risk group. The study which took place in Kangbukgu, Seoul, involved a diabetes mellitus risk group (DMR > or = 110 mg/dL, 61), of males and females, aged 36 to 68 years, and a group of healthy people as a control group (< 110 mg/dL, 183), using luting blood sugar (FBS) levels. The proportion of people in the abnormal range was higher in the DMR than that of control group for total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C), total protein, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and creatinine. Particularly with respect to serum protein the proportion in the DMR in abnormal range (p<0.05) was significantly higher than that of the control group. The proportion in the DMR with a family history of disease was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.01). Using body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and relative body weight (RBW), the obesity indices in the DMR was higher than that of the control group. Comparing the DMR and the control group with respect to dietary habits, it seems that the DMR had more undesirable dietary habits than the control group. When the intake of each nutrient for the DMR and the control group was compared to the Korean recommended dietary allowances (RDA), the proportion of excess intake and deficient intake in the DMR was higher than that of the control group. The DMR showed a greater undesirable dietary intake pattern as compared to that of the control group, based on the RDA. With respect to the dietary diversity score (DDS) and the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) for quality estimation of the overall flood intake, the DMR showed a feater undesirable pattern than the control group. According to the above results, the DMR tended to have more undesirable eating habits when compared to the control group. Therefore, to provide a more efficient nutritional education program for the DMR we must conduct lurker studies on eating habits, so as to provide systematic nutritional management based on theme differences between the DMR and the control group.
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Female , Humans , Male , Alanine Transaminase , Aspartate Aminotransferases , Blood Glucose , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Cholesterol , Creatinine , Diabetes Mellitus , Eating , Education , Feeding Behavior , Nutritional Status , Obesity , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Seoul , Waist-Hip RatioABSTRACT
Background : There is a substantial body of evidence that intraocular pressure increase with age among western population. However, Japanese study showed that intraocular pressure was inversely related with age. So we investigated whether intraocular pressure is related with age for Koreans. Methods : Between March, 1996 and February, 1997, 6201 subjects underwent comprehensive health examinationinthe Kyung Hee medical screening center in Seoul, Korea. The intraocular pressure was measured with pneumatonograpyh. At the same time blood pressure, body weight, height, serum osmolarity, fasting blood glucose, T3, T4, TSH(thyroid stimulating hormone), hematocrit measurements were performed. We selected 250 case randomly and investigated whether the distribution of C/D ration(cup/disk ratio), smoking status, alcohol drinking amount are uniform by aged group. So we measured C/D ratio by fundusphotograph and investigated smoking and drinking habits by questionnaires. Results : In the randomly sampled 250 cases, the amounts of smoking and alcohol consumption were lower in the elderly group. But, the C/D ration didn't show any difference between young and elderly group. In a multivariable analysis, both right and left intraocular pressure showed significantly inverse correlations with aged and visual acuity. Male had significantly higher intraocular pressure than female. Both right and left intraocular pressure showed significant positive correlations with body mass index, fasting blood glucose, hematocrit and systolic blood pressure. Diastolic blood pressure, serum osmolarity, T3 and T4 were not associated with intraocular pressure. TSH had significant positive correlation with right intraocular pressure, but no correlation with left intraocular pressure. Conclusion : Age was independently and inversely related with intraocular pressure for Koreans.